Evidence grades

We use simple evidence grades so readers can see how confident the research base is—not to replace clinical judgment.

Strong

Multiple high-quality studies or major public health guidelines consistently support the claim for general populations, with well-understood mechanisms.

Moderate

Supportive evidence exists, but studies may be limited in number, size, duration, or generalizability.

Emerging

Early research is promising or mechanistically interesting, but findings are preliminary and may change.

Mixed

Studies conflict, or results depend heavily on dose, population, or study design. We state uncertainty plainly.

How grades appear

Grades sit near article titles and link here. They describe the overall evidence for the page’s main claims—not every sentence.